Pencemaran Logam Berat di Air, Sedimen, dan Organisme pada Beberapa Sungai di Pulau Jawa, Indonesia: Tinjauan Literatur
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58954/epj.v4i1.183Keywords:
Logam Berat, Pulau Jawa, Studi Literatur, SungaiAbstract
Pencemaran merupakan salah satu permasalahan yang banyak terjadi akhir-akhir ini, terlebih pada ekosistem sungai. Jenis polutan yang banyak ditemukan dan mencemari lingkungan adalah logam berat. Identifikasi terhadap tingkat pencemaran logam berat pada sungai sangatlah krusial sebagai langkah awal dalam mengambil tindakan pencegahan dan pengendalian pencemaran logam berat. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini merupakan studi awal berupa tinjauan literatur yang bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi tingkat pencemaran logam berat pada sampel air, sedimen, dan organisme hidup di Sungai Pulau Jawa. Metode pada penelitian ini adalah review literatur yang bersumber dari google scholar dan analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif dengan tabel. Hasil review menunjukkan bahwa sungai Cipeles, Jawa Barat mengandung logam berat pada air tertinggi. Sementara itu, pada sampel sedimen, sungai Cimadur, Banten mengandung logam berat tertinggi. Adapun beberapa organisme yang terbukti terpapar logam berat adalah ikan mas, ikan nila, ikan lele, dan kerang batu. Lebih lanjut, kangkung air juga telah tercemar logam berat Pb dan Cd.
References
Adhani, R., & Husaini. (2017). Logam Berat Sekitar Manusia. Lambung Mangkurat University Press.
Afifudin, A. F. M., Irawanto, R., & Purwitasari, N. (2022). Selection of Potential Plants as Phytoremediation for Heavy Metals in Estuarine Ecosystem: A Systematic Review. 4th International Conference on Life Sciences and Biotechnology (ICOLIB 2021). https://www.atlantis-press.com/proceedings/icolib-21/125979305
Afzaal, M., Hameed, S., Liaqat, I., Khan, A. A. A., Manan, H. A., Shahid, R., & Altaf, M. (2022). Heavy metals contamination in water, sediments and fish of freshwater ecosystems in Pakistan. Water Practice and Technology, 17(5), 1253–1272. https://doi.org/10.2166/WPT.2022.039
Agustina, D. Y., Suprapto, D., & Febrianto, S. (2019). Kandungan Logam Berat Timbal (Pb) Pada Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) Di Sungai Tenggang, Semarang, Jawa Tengah Heavy Metal Concentration of Pb in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in the Tenggang River, Semarang, Central Java. Management of Aquatic Resources Journal (MAQUARES), 8(3), 242–249. https://ejournal3.undip.ac.id/index.php/maquares/article/view/24262
Aina, L. C., SD, E. R., & Kaswinarni, F. (2016). Biomonitoring Pencemaran Sungai Silugonggo Kecamatan Juwana Berdasarkan Kandungan Logam Berat (Pb) pada Ikan Lundu. Bioma: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi, 5(2). http://journal.upgris.ac.id/index.php/bioma/article/view/1498
Ananda, S. F., Redjeki, S., & Widowati, I. (2022). Kandungan Logam Berat Timbal (Pb) pada Air, Sedimen, dan Jaringan Lunak Kerang Bambu (Solen sp.) di Perairan Rembang Jawa Tengah dan Gresik Jawa Timur. Journal of Marine Research, 11(2), 176–182. https://ejournal3.undip.ac.id/index.php/jmr/article/view/29956
Aprilia, M., Effendi, H., & Hariyadi, S. (2022). Water Quality Status Based On Pollution Index and Water Quality Index of Ciliwung River, DKI Jakarta Province. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/1109/1/012051/meta
Arianti, R., Febriani, H., & Syukriah, S. (2024). Analisis Kandungan Logam Seng (Zn) pada Air dan Daging Ikan Tilan (Mastacembelus armatus) di Sungai Asahan Kota Tanjungbalai. Jurnal Lemuru, 6(1), 76–92. https://ejournal.unibabwi.ac.id/index.php/lemuru/article/view/3493
Bai, L., Liu, X. L., Hu, J., Li, J., Wang, Z. L., Han, G., Li, S. L., & Liu, C. Q. (2018). Heavy Metal Accumulation in Common Aquatic Plants in Rivers and Lakes in the Taihu Basin. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/IJERPH15122857
Bakkara, C. G., & Purnomo, A. (2022). Kajian Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah Domestik Terpusat di Indonesia. Jurnal Teknik ITS, 11(3), D75–D81. http://ejurnal.its.ac.id/index.php/teknik/article/view/90486
Bastami, K. D., Bagheri, H., Kheirabadi, V., Zaferani, G. G., Teymori, M. B., Hamzehpoor, A., Soltani, F., Haghparast, S., Harami, S. R. M., Ghorghani, N. F., & Ganji, S. (2014). Distribution and Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Surface Sediments along Southeast Coast of the Caspian Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 81(1), 262–267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.01.029
Bubala, H., Cahyadi, T. A., & Ernawati, R. (2019). Tingkat Pencemaran Logam Berat di Pesisir Pantai Akibat Penambangan Bijih Nikel. Jurnal Teknologi Industri Dan Informasi, 2(9), 113–122.
Budiastuti, P., Rahadjo, M., & Dewanti, N. A. Y. (2016). Analisis Pencemaran Logam Berat Timbal di Badan Sungai Babon Kecamatan Genuk Semarang. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 4(5), 119–128. https://ejournal3.undip.ac.id/index.php/jkm/article/view/14489
Caccia, V. G., Millero, F. J., & Palanques, A. (2003). The Distribution of Trace Metals in Florida Bay Sediments. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 46(11), 1420–1433. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X03002881
Damayanti, T., & Takarina, N. D. (2020). Assessments of Heavy Metal Zn and Coliform in Midstream of Blanakan River, Subang, West Java. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 50(1). https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/550/1/012027/meta
Delshab, H., Farshchi, P., Mohammadi, M., & Moattar, F. (2017). Preliminary Assessment of Heavy Metals Contamination in Water and Wastewater of Asaluyeh Port (Persian Gulf). Iranian Jounal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science, 41, 363–373. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40995-016-0031-x
Fadlillah, L. N., Indrastuti, A. N., Azahra, A. F., & Widyastuti, M. (2022). Evaluasi Level Toksik Logam Berat pada Air, Sedimen Tersuspensi, dan Sedimen Dasar di Sungai Winongo, DI Yogyakarta. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, 20(1), 30–36. https://scholar.archive.org/work/h5atzgohmrfsvghncez7nk6oly/access/wayback/https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/ilmulingkungan/article/download/41214/pdf
Fitroh, I. S., Subardjo, P., & Maslukah, L. (2019). Hubungan Logam Berat Pb terhadap Fraksi Sedimen dan Bahan Organik di Muara Sungai Tiram, Marunda, Jakarta Utara. Buletin Oseanografi Marina, 8(2), 61–66.
Hananingtyas, I. (2017). Studi Pencemaran Kandungan Logam Berat Timbal (Pb) dan Kadmium (Cd) pada Ikan Tongkol (Euthynnus sp.) di Pantai Utara Jawa. Biotropics, 1(2), 41–50.
Harahap, M. K. A., Rudiyanti, S., & Widyorini, N. (2020). Analisis Kualitas Perairan Berdasarkan Konsentrasi Logam Berat dan Indeks Pencemaran di Sungai Banjir Kanal Timur Semarang. Jurnal Pasir Laut, 4(2), 108–115. https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/pasirlaut/article/view/33691
Hidayati, N. V., Aziz, A. S. A., Mahdiana, A., & Prayogo, N. A. (2022). Akumulasi Logam Berat Cd pada Matriks Air, Sedimen, dan Ikan Nilem (Osteochilus Hasselti) di Sungai Tajum Kabupaten Banyumas Jawa Tengah. Agritech: Jurnal Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, 24(2), 174–184. https://jurnalnasional.ump.ac.id/index.php/AGRITECH/article/view/15499
Huang, H., Li, Y., Zheng, X., Wang, Z., Wang, Z., & Cheng, X. (2022). Nutritional value and bioaccumulation of heavy metals in nine commercial fish species from Dachen Fishing Ground, East China Sea. Scientific Reports 2022 12:1, 12(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-10975-6
Idris, M. H., & Sari, D. P. (2022). Analisis Kualitas Air Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Boal Kabupaten Sumbawa. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Mahasiswa Kehutanan Indonesia, 1(1). https://journal.unram.ac.id/index.php/iwors/article/view/1154
Ismi, L. N., Elfidasari, D., Puspitasari, R. L., & Sugoro, I. (2019). Kandungan 10 Jenis Logam Berat pada Daging Ikan Sapu-Sapu (Pterygoplichthys pardalis) asal Sungai Ciliwung Wilayah Jakarta. Jurnal Al-Azhar Indonesia Seri Sains Dan Teknologi, 5(2), 56–59.
Junianto, J., Zahidah, Z., & Apriliani, I. M. (2017). Evaluation of Heavy Metal Contamination in Various Fish Meat from Cirata Dam, West Java, Indonesia. AACL Bioflux, 10(2), 241–246. http://www.bioflux.com.ro/docs/2017.241-246.pdf
Kasari, A. F. (2016). Status Pencemaran Berdasarkan Logam Berat Pb, Hg, Cd, dan Ag dalam Air dan Sedimen di Estuari Sungai Donan, Segara Anakan Timur [Skripsi, Institut Pertanian Bogor]. https://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/86654
Kenny, K., Horse, V., & Ginting, J. M. (2023). Evaluation of the Impact of Water Pollution on Public Health and the Environment in Java Island. Leader: Civil Engineering and Architecture Journal, 1(3), 331–341. https://journal.uib.ac.id/index.php/leader/article/view/8305
Kumar, V., Sharma, A., Pandita, S., Bhardwaj, R., Thukral, A. K., & Cerda, A. (2020). A Review of Ecological Risk Assessment and Associated Health Risks With Heavy Metals in Sediment from India. International Journal of Sediment Research, 35(5), 516–526. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001627920300342
Kurniawan, A., & Mustikasari, D. (2019). Review: Mekanisme Akumulasi Logam Berat di Ekosistem Pascatambang Timah. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, 17(3), 408. https://doi.org/10.14710/jil.17.3.408-415
Liu, Q., Liao, Y., & Shou, L. (2018). Concentration and Potential Health Risk of Heavy Metals in Seafoods Collected from Sanmen Bay and Its Adjacent Areas, China. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 131, 356–364. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X18302728
Lu, G.-Y., Ke, C.-H., Zhu, A., & Wang, W.-X. (2017). Oyster-based National Mapping of Trace Metals Pollution in the Chinese Coastal Waters. Environmental Pollution, 224, 658–669. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0269749116326604
Mulyaningsih, T. R., & Suprapti, S. (2016). Penaksiran Kontaminasi Logam Berat dan Kualitas Sedimen Sungai Cimadur, Banten. Ganendra Majalah Iptek Nuklir, 18(1), 11–21. https://jurnal.batan.go.id/index.php/ganendra/article/view/2842
Muryani, E., Prasetya, J. D., & Agustiyar, F. (2021). Analisis dan Sebaran Logam Berat Merkuri (Hg) pada Sungai Tajur dan Sungai Datar di Desa Pancurendang, Kabupaten Banyumas, Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknik Lingkungan Kebumian Satu Bumi. http://103.236.192.98/index.php/satubumi/article/viewFile/6232/4036
Mustafa, A., Asaf, R., & Radiart, I. N. (2021). Konsentrasi dan Status Mutu Logam Berat dalam Air dan Sedimen di Kawasan Pesisir Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe. Jurnal Ilmu Dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis, 13(1), 185–200. https://journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/jurnalikt/article/view/35290
Nadia, N., Rudiyanti, S., & Haeruddin. (2017). Sebaran Spasial Logam Berat Pb dan Cd pada Kolom Air dan Sedimen di Perairan Muara Cisadane. Journal of Maquares`, 6(4), 455–462. https://ejournal3.undip.ac.id/index.php/maquares/article/view/21336/19854
Okereafor, U., Makhatha, M., Mekuto, L., Uche-Okereafor, N., Sebola, T., & Mavumengwana, V. (2020). Toxic Metal Implications on Agricultural Soils, Plants, Animals, Aquatic life and Human Health. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/IJERPH17072204
Peraturan Pemerintah. (2021). Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 22 Tahun 2021 tentang Penyelenggaraan Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup.
Prastyo, Y., Batu, D. T. L., & Sulistiono, S. (2017). Heavy Metal Contain Cu and Cd on the Mullet in the Estuary of Donan River, Cilacap, Central Java. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 20(1), 18–27. https://jurnalpenyuluhan.ipb.ac.id/index.php/jphpi/article/view/16393
Pratiwi, D. Y. (2020). Dampak Pencemaran Logam Berat (Timbal, Tembaga, Merkuri, Kadmium, Krom) Terhadap Organisme Perairan Dan Kesehatan Manusia. Jurnal Akuatek, 1(1), 59–65.
Purwanto, A. I., Prihatmo, G., & Pakpahan, S. (2020). Kandungan Logam Berat Timbal (Pb) pada Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) dan Ikan Bawal (Colossoma macropomum) di Sungai Winongo, Yogyakarta. Sciscitatio, 1(2), 70–78. https://sciscitatio.ukdw.ac.id/index.php/sciscitatio/article/download/31/24
Rachmansyah, R., Tonnek, S., Makmur, M., Kamaruddin, K., & Atmomarsono, M. (2017). Distribusi Logam Berat Merkuri (Hg) Dl Kawasan Pesisir Teluk Ratatotok, Kabupaten Minahasa, Sulawesi Utara. Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia, 11(5), 95–107. http://ejournal-balitbang.kkp.go.id/index.php/jppi/article/view/4141
Rezaei, M., Kafaei, R., Mahmoodi, M., Sanati, A. M., Vakilabadi, D. R., Arfaeinia, H., Dobaradaran, S., Sorial, G. A., Ramavandi, B., & Boffito, D. C. (2021). Heavy Metals Concentration in Mangrove Tissues and Associated Sediments and Seawater from the North Coast of Persian Gulf, Iran: Ecological And Health Risk Assessment. Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring & Management, 15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enmm.2021.100456
Roosmini, D., Septiono, M. A., Putri, N. E., Shabrina, H. M., Salami, I. R. S., & Ariesyady, H. D. (2018). IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science River water pollution condition in upper part of Brantas River and Bengawan Solo River. IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci, 106, 12059. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/106/1/012059
Rosanti, L., & Harahap, A. (2022). Keberadaan Plankton sebagai Indikator Pencemaran. Bioedusains: Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi Dan Sains, 5(1), 182–188. https://journal.ipm2kpe.or.id/index.php/BIOEDUSAINS/article/view/3529
Sari, A. B., Putri, W. A. E., & Diansyah, G. (2019). Logam Berat Cu Dan Pb dalam Sedimen di Perairan Muara Upang. Journal of Tropical Marine Science, 2(2), 71–75. https://journal.ubb.ac.id/jtms/article/view/948
Setiawan, H. (2015). Akumulasi dan Distribusi Logam Berat pada Vegetasi Mangrove di Pesisir Sulawesi Selatan. Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan, 7(1), 12–24. https://journal.ugm.ac.id/jikfkt/article/view/6134
Shaskia, N., & Yunita, I. (2021). Persepsi Masyarakat terhadap Dampak Limbah Tahu di Sekitar Sungai. Tameh: Journal of Civil Engineering, 10(2), 59–68. https://mail.ojs3.unmuha.ac.id/index.php/tameh/article/view/153
Sherly Williams, E., Lekshmi Priya, V., & Razeena Karim, L. (2022). Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in edible tissue of crab (Scylla serrata) from an estuarine Ramsar site in Kerala, South India. Watershed Ecology and the Environment, 4, 59–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.WSEE.2022.06.001
Sidjabat, F. N., Alwi, V., Mahmudi, M., & Puspitasari, Y. (2020). Pengukuran Timbal pada Air Sungai dan Bioindikator Lokal di Sungai Brantas Kota Kediri, Provinsi Jawa Timur. Jurnal Ekologi Kesehatan, 19(3), 161–173. http://ejournal2.litbang.kemkes.go.id/index.php/jek/article/view/3459
Sinaga, R. M., Lestari, N. I., Lestari, N. I., Cahyani, A. G., & Ramadanti, A. (2023). Peran Sentral Potensi Geografis Terhadap Perkembangan Perekonomian Kerajaan Mataram Islam. Historis: Jurnal Kajian, Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Pendidikan Sejarah, 8(1), 1–9. https://journal.ummat.ac.id/index.php/historis/article/view/9343
Soegianto, A., Nurfiyanti, P. E., Saputri, R. N. R., Affandi, M., & Payus, C. M. (2022). Assessment of the Health Risks Related with Metal Accumulation in Blue Swimming Crab (Portunus Pelagicus) Caught in East Java Coastal Waters, Indonesia. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 177(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113573
Soegianto, A., Putranto, T. W. C., Payus, C. M., Zarqasi, F. R., Syafitrirulla, P. P., Muchlisin, M. I., Ramdhani, S., Nosafandra, A. S., & Wibisono, A. D. (2021). Metals in the tissues of the East Java Coast Indonesian green mussel (Perna viridis Linnaeus, 1758) and associated health risks. Regional Studies in Marine Science, 48, 102045. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2021.102045
Soegianto, A., Wahyuni, H. I., Yulianto, B., & Manaf, L. A. (2022). Health Risk Assessment of Metals in Mud Crab (Scylla serrata) from the East Java Estuaries of Indonesia. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 90(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2022.103810
Sugiantari, I. A. P., Sukmaningsih, A. A. S. A., & Wijana, I. M. S. (2022). Kajian Struktur Histologi Hati, Insang dan Lambung Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) di Danau Batur, Bangli. Buletin Anatomi Dan Fisiologi, 7(1), 51–59. https://ejournal2.undip.ac.id/index.php/baf/article/view/13557
Sumantri, A., & Rahmani, R. Z. (2020). Analisis Pencemaran Kromium (VI) Berdasarkan Kadar Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) pada Hulu Sungai Citarum di Kecamatan Majalaya Kabupaten Bandung Provinsi Jawa Barat 2018. Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia, 19(2), 144–151. https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/jkli/article/view/32160
Susanti, R. A., Mustikaningtyas, D., & Sasi, F. A. (2014). Analisis Kadar Logam Berat pada Sungai di Jawa Tengah. Sainteknol: Jurnal Sains Dan Teknologi, 12(1). https://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/sainteknol/article/view/5424
Titah, H. S., Pratikno, H., & Harnani, B. R. D. (2021). Uptake of Copper and Chromium by Avicennia Marina and Avicennia Alba at Wonorejo Estuary, East-coastal Area of Surabaya, Indonesia. Regional Studies in Marine Science, 47. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352485521003352
Tulzuhrah, F., Rafi’i, A., & Eryati, R. (2022). Kandungan Logam Berat pada Badan Air dan Sedimen di Sungai Belayan Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara. Jurnal Tropical Aquatic Sciences, 1(1), 31–38. http://e-journals2.unmul.ac.id/index.php/mes/article/download/470/173
Uddin, M. M., Zakeel, M. C. M., Zavahir, J. S., Marikar, F. M. M. T., & Jahan, I. (2021). Heavy Metal Accumulation in Rice and Aquatic Plants Used as Human Food: A General Review. Toxics 2021, Vol. 9, Page 360, 9(12), 360. https://doi.org/10.3390/TOXICS9120360
Wardhani, E., Roosmini, D., & Notodarmojo, S. (2017). Status of Heavy Metal in Sediment of Saguling Lake, West Java. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 60(1). https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/60/1/012035/meta
Wardhani, E., & Sulistiowati, L. A. (2018). Kajian Daya Tampung Sungai Citarik Provinsi Jawa Barat. Rekayasa Hijau: Jurnal Teknologi Ramah Lingkungan, 2(2). https://ejurnal.itenas.ac.id/index.php/rekayasahijau/article/view/2393
Wibowo, M. (2017). Kajian Kualitas Air dan Sedimen Dasar Sungai Kutai Lama-Kab. Kutai Kartanegara Sebagai Pertimbangan Awal Rencana Pengerukan. Jurnal Prespitasi: Media Komunikasi Dan Pengembangan Teknik Lingkungan, 14(1), 24–29. https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/presipitasi/article/view/14716
Widowati, H., Susanto, A., & Widya, W. D. (2018). Fitoteknologi dan Efek Fitoremediasi. Lampung: LPPM Metro Press.
Wijayanti, T. (2017). Profil Pencemaran Logam Berat pada Perairan Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Grindulu Pacitan. Jurnal Ilmiah Sains, 19–25. https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/index.php/JIS/article/view/15057
Wulan, D. R., Marganingrum, D., & Yoneda, M. (2020). Distribution, Source Identification, and Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in the Surface And Pore Waters of Cipeles River, West Java, Indonesia. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(39123–39134). https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11356-020-09823-9
Yusron, M., & Jaza, M. A. (2021). Analisis Jenis dan Kelimpahan Mikroplastik serta Pencemaran Logam Berat pada Hulu Sungai Bengawan Solo. Environmental Pollution Journal, 1(1), 41-48.
Zakiyah, U., Salsabila, A., & Santoso, K. T. (2022). Pemetaan Distribusi Pencemar Logam Berat pada Beberapa Spesies Mangrove di Pantai Ekowisata Blekok, Kabupaten Situbondo, Jawa Timur. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Perikanan Dan Kelautan, 9(1). http://prosiding-semnas.fpik.ub.ac.id/index.php/prosemfpik/article/view/45
Zhang, L., Liao, Q., Shao, S., Zhang, N., Shen, Q., & Liu, C. (2015). Heavy Metal Pollution, Fractionation, and Potential Ecological Risks in Sediments from Lake Chaohu (Eastern China) and the Surrounding Rivers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2015, Vol. 12, Pages 14115-14131, 12(11), 14115–14131. https://doi.org/10.3390/IJERPH121114115
Zhang, M., Sun, X., & Xu, J. (2020). Heavy Metal Pollution in the East China Sea: A Review. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 159. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X20305919
Zhang, S., Fu, K., Gao, S., Liang, B., Lu, J., & Fu, G. (2023). Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in the Water, Sediment, and Organisms from The Sea Ranching Areas of Haizhou Bay in China. Water 2023, Vol. 15, Page 2218, 15(12), 2218. https://doi.org/10.3390/W15122218
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Alfin Fatwa Mei Afifudin, Adelia Wulandari, Rony Irawanto
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.